Definition: The Manufacturing sector comprises establishments engaged in the mechanical, physical, or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products. The assembling of component parts of manufactured products is considered manufacturing, except in cases where the activity is appropriately classified in Sector, Construction.

Included in this Manufacturing section:

• Food Manufacturing
• Wood and Chemical Product Manufacturing
  • Wood Product Manufacturing
  • Paper Manufacturing
  • Printing and Related Support Activities
  • Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing
  • Chemical Manufacturing
  • Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing
  • Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing
• Primary Metal Manufacturing
• Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
• Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
• Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing
• Miscellaneous Manufacturing

Wood Product Manufacturing

Wood Product Manufacturing - Paper Manufacturing - Printing and Related Support Activities - Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing - Chemical Manufacturing - Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing - Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing

Wood Product Manufacturing
     Industries in the Wood Product Manufacturing subsector manufacture wood products, such as lumber, plywood, veneers, wood containers, wood flooring, wood trusses, manufactured homes (i.e., mobile home), and prefabricated wood buildings. The production processes of the Wood Product Manufacturing subsector include sawing, planing, shaping, laminating, and assembling of wood products starting from logs that are cut into bolts, or lumber that then may be further cut, or shaped by lathes or other shaping tools. The lumber or other transformed wood shapes may also be subsequently planed or smoothed, and assembled into finished products, such as wood containers.
     The Wood Product Manufacturing subsector includes establishments that make wood products from logs and bolts that are sawed and shaped, and establishments that purchase sawed lumber and make wood products. With the exception of sawmills and wood preservation establishments, the establishments are grouped into industries mainly based on the specific products manufacutured.

Paper Manufacturing
     Industries in the Paper Manufacturing subsector make pulp, paper, or converted paper products. The manufacturing of these products is grouped together because they constitute a series of vertically connected processes. More than one is often carried out in a single establishment. There are essentially three activities. The manufacturing of pulp involves separating the cellulose fibers from other impurities in wood or used paper. The manufacturing of paper involves matting these fibers into a sheet. Converted paper products are made from paper and other materials by various cutting and shaping techniques and includes coating and laminating activities.
     The Paper Manufacturing subsector is subdivided into two industry groups, the first for the manufacturing of pulp and paper and the second for the manufacturing of converted paper products. Paper making is treated as the core activity of the subsector. Therefore, any establishment that makes paper (including paperboard), either alone or in combination with pulp manufacturing or paper converting, is classified as a paper or paperboard mill. Establishments that make pulp without making paper are classified as pulp mills. Pulp mills, paper mills and paperboard mills comprise the first industry group.
     Establishments that make products from purchased paper and other materials make up the second industry group, Converted Paper Product Manufacturing. This general activity is then subdivided based, for the most part, on process distinctions. Paperboard container manufacturing uses corrugating, cutting, and shaping machinery to form paperboard into containers. Paper bag and coated and treated paper manufacturing establishments cut and coat paper and foil. Stationery product manufacturing establishments make a variety of paper products used for writing, filing, and similar applications. Other converted paper product manufacturing includes, in particular, the conversion of sanitary paper stock into such things as tissue paper and disposable diapers.
     An important process used in the Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing industry is lamination, often combined with coating. Lamination and coating makes a composite material with improved properties of strength, impermeability, and so on. The laminated materials may be paper, metal foil, or plastics film. While paper is often one of the components, it is not always. Lamination of plastics film to plastics film is classified in the Subsector, Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing, because establishments that do this often first make the film.

Printing and Related Support Activities
     Industries in the Printing and Related Support Activities subsector print products, such as newspapers, books, periodicals, business forms, greeting cards, and other materials, and perform support activities, such as bookbinding, platemaking services, and data imaging. The support activities included here are an integral part of the printing industry, and a product (a printing plate, a bound book, or a computer disk or file) that is an integral part of the printing industry is almost always provided by these operations.
     Processes used in printing include a variety of methods used to transfer an image from a plate, screen, or computer file to some medium, such as paper, plastics, metal, textile articles, or wood. The most prominent of these methods is to transfer the image from a plate or screen to the medium (lithographic, gravure, screen, and flexographic printing). A rapidly growing new technology uses a computer file to directly "drive" the printing mechanism to create the image and new electrostatic and other types of equipment (digital or nonimpact printing).

Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing
     The Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing subsector is based on the transformation of crude petroleum and coal into usable products. The dominant process is petroleum refining that involves the separation of crude petroleum into component products through such techniques as cracking and distillation.
     In addition, this subsector includes establishments that primarily further process refined petroleum and coal products and produce products, such as asphalt coatings and petroleum lubricating oils. However, establishments that manufacture petrochemicals from refined petroleum are classified in Industry, Petrochemical Manufacturing.

Chemical Manufacturing
     The Chemical Manufacturing subsector is based on the transformation of organic and inorganic raw materials by a chemical process and the formulation of products. This subsector distinguishes the production of basic chemicals that comprise the first industry group from the production of intermediate and end products produced by further processing of basic chemicals that make up the remaining industry groups.
     This subsector does not include all industries transforming raw materials by a chemical process. It is common for some chemical processing to occur during mining operations. These beneficiating operations, such as copper concentrating, are classified in Sector, Mining. Furthermore, the refining of crude petroleum is included in Subsector, Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing. In addition, the manufacturing of aluminum oxide is included in Subsector, Primary Metal Manufacturing; and beverage distilleries are classified in Subsector, Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing. As in the case of these two activities, the grouping of industries into subsectors may take into account the association of the activities performed with other activities in the subsector.

Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing
     Industries in the Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing subsector make goods by processing plastics materials and raw rubber. The core technology employed by establishments in this subsector is that of plastics or rubber product production. Plastics and rubber are combined in the same subsector because plastics are increasingly being used as a substitute for rubber; however the subsector is generally restricted to the production of products made of just one material, either solely plastics or rubber.
     Many manufacturing activities use plastics or rubber, for example the manufacture of footwear, or furniture. Typically, the production process of these products involves more than one material. In these cases, technologies that allow disparate materials to be formed and combined are of central importance in describing the manufacturing activity.
     Within the Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing subsector, a distinction is made between plastics and rubber products at the industry group level, although it is not a rigid distinction, as can be seen from the definition of Industry , Rubber and Plastics Hose and Belting Manufacturing. As materials technology progresses, plastics are increasingly being used as a substitute for rubber; and eventually, the distinction may disappear as a basis for establishment classification.

Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing
     The Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing subsector transforms mined or quarried nonmetallic minerals, such as sand, gravel, stone, clay, and refractory materials, into products for intermediate or final consumption. Processes used include grinding, mixing, cutting, shaping, and honing. Heat often is used in the process and chemicals are frequently mixed to change the composition, purity, and chemical properties for the intended product. For example, glass is produced by heating silica sand to the melting point (sometimes combined with cullet or recycled glass) and then drawn, floated, or blow molded to the desired shape or thickness. Refractory materials are heated and then formed into bricks or other shapes for use in industrial applications.
     The Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing subsector includes establishments that manufacture products, such as bricks, refractories, ceramic products, and glass and glass products, such as plate glass and containers. Also included are cement and concrete products, lime, gypsum and other nonmetallic mineral products including abrasive products, ceramic plumbing fixtures, statuary, cut stone products, and mineral wool. The products are used in a wide range of activities from construction and heavy and light manufacturing to articles for personal use.
     Mining, beneficiating, and manufacturing activities often occur in a single location. Separate receipts will be collected for these activities whenever possible. When receipts cannot be broken out between mining and manufacturing, establishments that mine or quarry nonmetallic minerals, beneficiate the nonmetallic minerals and further process the nonmetallic minerals into a more finished manufactured product are classified based on the primary activity of the establishment. A mine that manufactures a small amount of finished products will be classified in Sector, Mining. An establishment that mines whose primary output is a more-finished manufactured product will be classified in the Manufacturing Sector.
     Excluded from the Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing subsector are establishments that primarily beneficiate mined nonmetallic minerals. Beneficiation is the process whereby the extracted material is reduced to particles that can be separated into mineral and waste, the former suitable for further processing or direct use. Beneficiation establishments are included in Sector, Mining.

• Air Burners, Inc. - Air curtain destructors and incineration systems for wood waste and animal carcasses. Used in land clearing, natural disaster debris cleanup.
• Albert Forest Products, Inc. - Supplies many wood products from hardwood and softwood lumber to heavy timbers for most all applications. Also provides exporting, wood treatment, and many interesting articles on the technical properties of wood.
• Bio-Teho Oy - Manufactures ecological treated wood stakes for vineyard installations.
• Blue Ridge Diesel Injection - Offers diesel and natural gas engines, power units, and engine controls. Also offers diesel fuel injection repair and engine service. Located in Salem, Virginia.
• British Columbia's Internet Marketplace - An online marketplace that connects the forest products, manufacturing and construction industries. Businesses can find, buy, sell and share using industry directories and the online marketplace.
• Center for International Trade in Forest Products (CINTRAFOR) - Works to improve knowledge of trade, and to train professionals in the analysis and interpretation of trade issues and policies. Disseminates information on world trade in forest products by means of seminars, conferences, workshops, and publications.
• Electronic Solutions of Harrison, LLC - Remotes and controllers for outdoor power equipment.
• eWoodMarket.com - Marketplace directory for timber and lumber products, services and equipment.
• Finnforest Corporation - Supplies retailers and merchants with a fully comprehensive range of timber products supplied across Europe. Product groups include building products, wood panels, garden components and decoration and interior products.
• Forest Products Development Laboratory - Researches and develops products to utilized waste and low-grade woods for commercial and industrial use.
• Forest Products Marketing - Virginia Tech workshop on products for wood-based industries; marketing related to these products and how to gain a competitive edge. Held March 16-17, 2000 in Blacksburg, Va.
• Hakmet Ltd. - A wide range of forestry equipment including loaders, firewood processors, harvesters, and cranes.
• Hoffman Boots - Manufactures boots for loggers, linemen, and outdoor enthusiasts.
• Holt Tree Spades Ltd. - Supplies custom built tree spades; skid steer, loader, truck, excavator and custom built trailer mounts. Sizing from 16" up to 144" root ball.
• Hud-Son Forest Equipment - Manufactures various forestry equipment including band sawmills, debarkers, log loaders, firewood processors, and slab grinders.
• Hyperautomation - Manufactures and supplies sawmilling, mining, and timber equipment in Southern Africa. Specialized equipment designed and built in accordance with client specifications for a variety of industries.
• J.D. Irving Limited - A family-owned company based in the Maritime region of eastern Canada and in Maine, manufacturing a wide range of forest products including kraft pulp, newsprint, tissue and corrugated medium.
• Lumberman's Equipment - Information about forest industry equipment and machinery used by loggers, sawmills, pallet manufacturers, and industrial wood products.
• LumbermenOnline.com - The official website of Lumbermen's Equipment Digest featuring new and used forestry, sawmill and pallet equipmentas well as new product and industry news.
• LumberWeb - Directory for lumber retail associations, lumber yards and lumber distributors, lumber dealers and jobbers .
• Lyons Sawmill and Logging Equipment and Supplies Inc. - Offers logging and sawmill equipment and supplies, including skidders, loaders, feller bunchers, bull dozers, forwarders, trailers, and firewood processing equipment.
• Marden Industries - Manufactures brush cutters and forestry implements.
• Rotary Brushcutting - Forestry and logging brush cutter products and equipment
• Savannah Forestry Equipment, LLC. - Specializes in the design and manufacture of site preparation equipment. Includes products, videos, and articles.
• Silvaram Holdings - Reforestation & Forest Management - Silviculture services for the forest industry in western Canada.
• Stevens Tree Spades - Produces truck mounted, loader mounted and trailer mounted tree spades from 18 inches to 100 inches.
• Timber-Mart South - Quarterly market price survey and report of the major timber products in 11 Southeastern states. Subscription and contact information, online newsletters.
• Tradeworlds.com - Portal for business professionals, buyers and sellers, operating in the wood Ultraseat Corporation - Equipment seating for a wide range of applications.
• Wood World - World wide trading site for information to promote trade in the wood industry.